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HISTORY
OF THE PALEOHISPANIC WRITING SYSTEMS.
Despite the fact that some researchers continue to advocate for a double origin of the Palaeohispanic scripts, and even for a multiple origin (that is, that they come from both Phoenician and Greek scripts and that Tartessian, Meridional and Levantine were originated from these independently), the mono-genesis, once and only from Phoenician writing, is clear. A kind of proof of this can be found in the fact that, whereas of the Phoenician origin has been published a coherent model (the last development by me), in favour of the multiple origin theory there are only brief comments, but a complete model hasn't even been attempted.
One significant aspect that shows the independence from Greek alphabet of the creation of the Sudlusitanian's vowel signs is the use of different Phoenician signs for this function. Whereas in the Greek alphabet the sign for 'e' comes from Phoenician 'he' and that for 'o' from Phoenician 'ayin', Sudlusitanian doesn't uses 'he' for any vowel sign, but instead his e sign comes from Phoenician 'ayin', and hence Sudlusitanian doesn't use 'ayin' for o, but Phoenician 'aleph'.
According to the palaeography, the most ancient (or archaic) system is the Sudlusitanian, as the shape of their signs is the most similar to the Phoenician. The form of its signs shows that the Phoenician writing variant taken as model is to be dated in the second half of the IX century (examples of the Phoenician model are the well-dated inscriptions of Kilamuwa and of Tel Dan), so the Sudlusitanian (or proto-Sudlusitanian) writing system must have been formed around this date. The place where this adaptation happened was the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula, probably in the Tartessian culture zone. Sudlusitanian inscriptions are also the earliest attested, at least from the VI century, two centuries before the earliest known dated inscription in Levantine or in Meridional Iberian writing.
It's unclear whether this first Paleo-Hispanic writing was a semisyllabary as the Iberian ones or a redundant alphabet as the Sudlusitanian. Probably it do was an alphabet and subsequent simplifications of the redundancy gave rise to the semisyllabary, as this is a very natural process.
From the Sudlusitanian or from the hypothetical proto-Sudlusitanian derived the Meridional Iberian (its inscriptions are later and its signs less close to the Phoenician ones but still very similar to the Sudlusitanians). From some variety of the Meridional derived the Levantine Iberian, very innovative in sign shapes and in the addition of new signs; signs connected with nasalization: m' from meridional u, and m as a reduplicated n. The pristine inscriptions of this kind have been found in North Catalonia (Enserune in France, Ullastret in Gerona and Barcelona), so probably they are related with the Phocaean Greek area of influence.
There were two major kinds of Levantine Iberian during the IV and III centuries: one to the north of the Ebro river which uses duplicated signs in order to show the voicing difference between g/k and d/t (the Dual or Catalan System); another to the south which also has similar pairs of signs but not only for occlusive and seemingly with no meaning at all (the "Edetanian Baroque" system). After ca 200 BC the Dual System disappeared, Iberian inscriptions in Catalonia stop showing reduplicated occlusive signs.
According to the palaeography the Celtiberian
Luzaga type writing derived from Levantine Iberian in the beginnings of
the II century, probably this happened in Teruel from a baroque
Edetanian (Valencia-Castellón) variant (which also explains the
lack of use of reduplicated occlusive signs in order to show voicing
differences), whereas the Celtiberian Botorrita type was created in the
second half of this century.
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